磁浮交通试验线压力管道直线度的测量方法研究及应用     

韩冰  刘成龙  杨雪峰 《测绘通报》2019,(6):126-130,135

目前，国内外对于磁浮交通真空压力管道直线度测量问题的研究较少。本文结合西南交通大学在建的真空磁浮高速列车试验装置，提出了一种真空压力管道直线度测量方法。该方法在管道内建立高精度三维控制网，依据三维控制网测量采用圆曲线拟合方法确定各节管道的圆心坐标，并采用直线拟合方法分析整个管道的直线度。最后依据上述方法编制程序对实测数据进行了处理分析，验证了方法的可行性和正确性，可为今后真空磁浮压力管道的建设提供技术参考。  相似文献   

一种基于GA-BP-MC神经网络的高铁桥墩沉降预测模型     

冯绍权  花向红  陶武勇  宣伟  吴伟  续东 《测绘通报》2019,(7):50-53,82

提出一种基于马尔科夫链修正的遗传BP神经网络预测模型（GA-BP-MC），利用遗传算法的全局寻优能力初始化BP神经网络权值和阈值，初步建立GA-BP神经网络预测模型，结合马尔科夫链的无后效性修正模型预测值，形成高精度GA-BP-MC神经网络变形预测模型。结合高铁桥墩沉降数据，分别与BP神经网络、GA-BP神经网络预测模型进行对比，结果表明，该预测模型精度最高。  相似文献   

一种局部稀疏地面点云与已有DEM的融合方法     

雷丽珍  林超 《测绘通报》2019,(9):77-81

机载LiDAR采集的点云数据中会存在一些局部区域地面点稀疏的情况，利用这些稀疏地面点构建DEM时会出现“三角面片化”的问题，严重影响DEM的质量。为此，本文提出了一种局部稀疏地面点云与已有DEM的融合方法：将稀疏点云作为高精度控制点，在尽量保持原始DEM的地形形态特征的前提下，通过高斯核函数加权迭代插值算法对DEM进行高程局部改正，实现稀疏点云与DEM的一致性融合。试验分析表明，融合后的点云数据得到了较好的补充，由此构建的DEM地形形态自然，在精度上相对于融合前的稀疏地面点云有一定改善，在弱精度区域的可靠性有显著提升。  相似文献   

结合主动学习和词袋模型的高分二号遥感影像自动化分类     

张金盈  姚光虎  林琳  郭怀轩 《测绘通报》2019,(2):103-107

高分卫星遥感影像空间分辨率的提高，使得地物的光谱和纹理变得更加丰富和复杂，这给遥感影像的自动化分类带来严重挑战。因此，本文提出了一种结合主动学习和词袋模型的高分二号遥感影像分类方法。首先，对研究区域进行多尺度分割，建立影像分割对象集；然后，采用词袋模型构建影像对象的语义特征向量；最后，充分考虑位于分类边界的不确定性样本分布，迭代选择最优样本用于训练支持向量机，用于分类遥感影像。为了验证本文方法的有效性和稳健性，以山东省某市的高分二号遥感影像为试验数据进行了试验分析。结果表明，本文提出的方法可以有效地将研究区域分为水体、地面、植被和建筑物四类，正确率达到90.6%以上。  相似文献   

新工科理念下的实验课程教学改革与实践探索     

蔡剑红  霍亮  朱凌 《测绘通报》2019,(2):147-152

近年来为适应创新人才的培养，"卓越计划"开启了全新教学模式。基于新工科理念，为了更好地进行实验课程教学，以"3ds Max软件三维建模"为例，笔者从课程内容安排、教学方式、考核机制等方面进行了教学探索和实践。本文以应用软件实验类课程项目教学的实践经验为基础，注重学生团队合作和交流能力、实践能力、创新能力培养，以及多渠道快速学习新事物的能力，通过与测绘新技术下多软件融合，使学生拥有知识整合能力，为提高实践教学提供参考和借鉴，以更好地适应新工科理念下的创新人才培养。  相似文献   

新疆天山地区壳幔S波速度结构特征及变形分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

蔡妍  吴建平  明跃红  房立华  王未来  孔祥艳  杨婷  范莉苹 《地球物理学报》2019,62(11):4214-4226

天山地区地质构造复杂，地震活动频繁，其壳幔变形和深部结构一直受到学者们的高度关注.然而，由于天山地区地震台站资料较少，致使壳幔变形研究结果与解释存在诸多争议.本研究利用在天山地区（40°N-46°N，78°E-92°E）新布设的11个流动宽频带地震台站和该地区39个固定台站的观测资料，采用接收函数与面波联合反演方法，获得了研究区地壳厚度及壳幔S波速度结构.反演结果显示天山地区（41.5°N-44°N，78°E-88°E）平均地壳厚度为56 km，塔里木盆地（40°N-41.5°N，79°E-90°E）、准噶尔盆地（44°N-46°N，82°E-90°E）和吐鲁番盆地（42°N-43°N，88°E-90°E）具有较厚的沉积层，地壳平均厚度为43 km、53 km和46 km，整体表现为天山厚、盆地相对较薄的特征；在研究区南天山的最高峰（42°N，80.5°E）及北天山的最高峰（43.5°N，86°E）附近，中下地壳存在较厚的低速层，我们认为在强烈挤压作用下低速、低强度的中下地壳强烈变形可能是导致该区域快速隆升的主要原因.在研究区中部，位于塔里木盆地与准噶尔盆地之间的天山地区，中下地壳及上地幔均存在低速层，且盆地莫霍面向天山倾斜明显.结合前人的研究成果推测，在南北向构造挤压应力作用下，塔里木盆地与准噶尔盆地发生了向天山造山带方向的双向壳幔层间插入俯冲.在研究区东部，塔里木盆地东北缘与天山东部接触带的地壳内没有明显的低速层，推测应处在早期挤压变形状态，该区域的壳幔边界为缓变的速度梯度带，可能与上地幔热物质侵入或渗透有关.  相似文献   

Hierarchical community detection and functional area identification with OSM roads and complex graph theory     

Ye Hong 《International journal of geographical information science》2019,33(8):1569-1587

An in-depth analysis of the urban road network structure plays an essential role in understanding the distribution of urban functional area. To concentrate topologically densely connected road segments, communities of urban roads provide a new perspective to study the structure of the network. In this study, based on OpenStreetMap (OSM) roads and points-of-interest (POI) data, we employ the Infomap community detection algorithm to identify the hierarchical community in city roads and explore the shaping role roads play in urban space and their relation with the distribution of urban functional areas. The results demonstrate that the distribution of communities at different levels in Guangzhou, China reflects the urban spatial relation between the suburbs and urban centers and within urban centers. Moreover, the study explored the functional area characteristics at the community scale and identified the distribution of various functional areas. Owing to the structure information contained in the identification process, the detected community can be used as a basic unit in other urban studies. In general, with the community-based network, this study proposes a novel method of combining city roads with urban space and functional zones, providing necessary data support and academic guidance for government and urban planners.  相似文献   

利用接收函数方法研究中国东北东南部地区不同构造体的地壳特征   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

李天觉  陈棋福 《地球物理学报》2019,62(8):2899-2917

基于我们布设的探测深俯冲的中国东北地震台阵NECsaids台阵和固定地震台长时段的观测记录及NECESSArray流动台阵共计152个台站数据提取得到的33752条P波接收函数，采用H-κ叠加分析和共转换点（CCP）叠加成像等方法进行统一分析处理，并汇集他人接收函数研究结果得到中国东北东南部地区迄今为止最高分辨率的地壳厚度和平均波速比分布图像.对中国东北东南部地区不同构造体的地壳特征综合分析研究表明：研究区不同陆块的地壳属性存在明显差别，张广才岭地块中南部的地壳厚度和波速比与华北克拉通东北缘相当，地壳厚度同地表地形之间显示有明显的正相关关系；松辽地块东南缘地壳最薄、波速比最高，地壳厚度同壳内波速比之间显示出明显的负相关关系；兴凯地块西部地区的地壳结构表现为稍厚的地壳厚度和研究区内最低的壳内波速比，其地壳厚度同壳内波速比之间亦显示出明显的负相关关系；佳木斯地块西南缘在具有"正常"的壳内波速比同时地壳最厚.研究区内的郯庐断裂带北延段在切穿其下Moho面的同时表现出南北分段的特征：北段（44.4°N—47°N）两分支之下的Moho面整体下凹，而南段（41.5°N—43.3°N）两分支之下的Moho面则整体上隆.长白山天池火山下方表现为Moho面下凹沉落及高壳内波速比特征，推测其壳内岩浆囊很可能存在于火山口东北隅至少10 km的范围内.  相似文献   

Factors structuring phytoplankton community in a large tropical river: Case study in the Red River (Vietnam)     

《Limnologica》2019

Algal assemblages have been widely used as an ecological indicator of aquatic ecosystem health conditions because of their specific sensitivity to a wide variety of environmental conditions. In turbid rivers, as in other aquatic systems, phytoplankton structure plays an important role in structuring aquatic food webs. Worldwide, phytoplankton is less studied in turbid, large tropical rivers compared to temperate river systems. The present study aimed to describe the phytoplankton diversity and abundance in a turbid tropical river (the Red River, northern part of Vietnam from 20°00 to 25°30 North; from 100°00 to 107°10 East) and to determine the importance of a series of environmental variables in controlling the phytoplankton community composition. Phytoplankton community was composed of 169 phytoplankton taxa from six algal groups including Bacillariophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Cryptophyceae, Euglenophyceae, Dinophyceae and Cyanobacteria. Community composition varied both spatially and with season. Sixteen measurement environmental variables were used as input variables for a three-layer backpropagation neural network that was developed to predict the phytoplankton abundance. Phytoplankton abundance was successfully predicted using the tagsig transfer function and the Levenberg-Marquardt backpropagation algorithm. The network was trained to provide a good overall linear fit to the total data set with a slope (R) and mean square error (MSE) of 0.808 and 0.0107, respectively. The sensitivity analysis and neutral interpretation diagram revealed that total phosphorus (TP), flow discharge, water temperature and P-PO₄³⁻ were the significant variables. The results showed that the developed ANN model was able to simulate phytoplankton abundance in the Red River. These findings can help for gaining insight into and the relationship between phytoplankton and environmental factors in this complex, turbid, tropical river.  相似文献   

Development of detachable replaceable links for eccentrically braced frames     

Mehmet Bakır Bozkurt  Sina Kazemzadeh Azad  Cem Topkaya 《地震工程与结构动力学》2019,48(10):1134-1155

Eccentrically braced frames (EBFs) can be repaired after a major earthquake by replacing the links. The link replacement is not a straightforward process and is influenced by the type of the link and the amount of residual frame deformations. The past decade has witnessed the development of different types of replaceable links such as end-plated links, web connected links, bolted flange and web spliced links, and collector beam and brace spliced links. All of the developed replaceable link details, except the web connected links, are not suitable for link replacement under residual frame drift. In this paper, a detachable replaceable link detail which is based on splicing the link at its mid-length is proposed. The detail is well suited for installation under residual frame drifts. In addition, the weight and size of the members to be transported and erected are reduced significantly, thereby facilitating the replacement procedure. Performance of this proposed replaceable link is studied by conducting six nearly full scale EBF tests under quasi-static cyclic loading. The link length ratio, type of end-plated mid-splice connection, and the amount of residual drift are considered as test variables. The test results revealed that the inelastic rotation capacity of the detachable replaceable links exceeds the requirements of the AISC Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings. No failures are observed in the end-plated mid-splice connections demonstrating the potential of the proposed details. The detachable replaceable links are investigated by numerical analysis as well to further validate their applicability and to develop design recommendations.  相似文献